Copper oxide nanoparticles in medicinal plant protection products: A review of soil ecotoxicology and threats to human health
Document Type : Review Paper
Authors
- 1 Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- 2 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
- 3 Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
Abstract
The expanding application of nanoparticles raises significant concerns regarding their environmental, health, and safety implications. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), in particular, are being investigated for their potential in agriculture. This systematic review, conducted via a structured process of literature search, study selection, and data extraction from PubMed and Scopus databases, synthesizes current knowledge on this subject. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software. The findings indicate that CuO NPs can be internalized by medicinal plants, accumulating in various tissues with effects—both beneficial and detrimental—that are contingent upon plant species, nanoparticle concentration, and exposure duration. Internalized NPs can traverse cell membranes, localize within organelles, and interact with biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. Crucially, this bioaccumulation presents a potential route for human exposure through the food chain. Excessive intake beyond tolerance levels is associated with toxicological effects, including hemolysis, jaundice, liver cirrhosis, and mortality. This review underscores the necessity for further research to establish safe application methods and optimal concentrations for the sustainable use of CuO NPs in agricultural practices.
Keywords
Subjects
Environmental Health
Abbasi Khalaki, M., Moameri, M., Asgari Lajayer, B., & Astatkie, T. (2021). Influence of nano-priming on seed germination and plant growth of forage and medicinal plants. Plant growth regulation, 93(1), 13-28. DOI: 10.1007/s10725-020-00670-9.
Abbasifar, A., Shahrabadi, F., & ValizadehKaji, B. (2020). Effects of green synthesized zinc and copper nano-fertilizers on the morphological and biochemical attributes of basil plant. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(8), 1104-1118. DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2020.1724305.
Abdallah, Y., Ogunyemi, S. O., Abdelazez, A., Zhang, M., Hong, X., Ibrahim, E., Hossain, A., Fouad, H., Li, B., & Chen, J. (2019). The green synthesis of MgO nano‐flowers using Rosmarinus officinalis L.(Rosemary) and the antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. BioMed Research International, 2019(1), 5620989. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5620989.
Abdelkader, M., Geioushy, R. A., Fouad, O. A., & Khaled, A. G. (2022). Investigation the activities of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes and inducing genotoxicity of cucumber seedling exposed to copper oxides nanoparticles stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 305, 111364. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111364.
Achari, G. A., & Kowshik, M. (2018). Recent developments on nanotechnology in agriculture: plant mineral nutrition, health, and interactions with soil microflora. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(33), 8647-8661. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00691.
Adams, J., Wright, M., Wagner, H., Valiente, J., Britt, D., & Anderson, A. (2017). Cu from dissolution of CuO nanoparticles signals changes in root morphology. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 110, 108-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.005.
Ahmad, A., Khan, M., Osman, S. M., Haassan, A. M., Javed, M. H., Ahmad, A., Rauf, A., & Luque, R. (2024). Benign-by-design plant extract-mediated preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles for environmentally related applications. Environmental Research, 247, 118048. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118048.
Ahmed, M., & Omran, Z. (2024). EFFECT OF CuO NANOPARTICLES ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN ECHINACEA PURPUREA IN VITRO. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(Special), 34-42. DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v55iSpecial.1883.
Ahmed, T. S. (2023). Effect of Spraying with Some Plant Extracts and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Interactions in Vegetative Growth, Mineral Content and Volatile Oils of Basil Plant Ocimum basilicum L. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012068.
Akintelu, S. A., Folorunso, A. S., Folorunso, F. A., & Oyebamiji, A. K. (2020). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles for biomedical application and environmental remediation. Heliyon, 6(7). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04508.
Al-Ghabban, A., & Eldiasty, J. (2022). Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle by Using Achillea fragrantissima and Nigella sativa Extracts and Their Effects as Larvicidal, Molluscicidal and Antimicrobial Agents. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 14(2), 127-148. DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSE.2022.270408.
Alangari, A., Aboul-Soud, M. A., Alqahtani, M. S., Shahid, M., Syed, R., Lakshmipathy, R., Modigunta, J. K. R., Jaiswal, H., & Verma, M. (2024). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using genus Inula and evaluation of biological therapeutics and environmental applications. Nanotechnology Reviews, 13(1), 20240039. DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2024-0039.
Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S. T., Qureshi, S. R., & Wang, M.-Q. (2021). Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics, 9(3), 42. DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030042.
Alhalili, Z. (2022). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles CuO NPs from Eucalyptus Globoulus leaf extract: Adsorption and design of experiments. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(5), 103739. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103739.
Ali, K., Sajid, M., Bakar, S. A., Younus, A., Ali, H., & Rashid, M. Z. (2024). Synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) via coprecipitation method: Tailoring structural and optical properties of CuO nanoparticles for optoelectronic device applications. Hybrid Advances, 6, 100250. DOI: 10.1016/j.hybadv.2024.100250.
Amaliyah, S., Pangesti, D. P., Masruri, M., Sabarudin, A., & Sumitro, S. B. (2020). Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Piper retrofractum Vahl extract as bioreductor and capping agent. Heliyon, 6(8). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04636.
Amin, N., & Aziz, K. (2025). Copper oxide-based nanoparticles in agro-nanotechnology: advances and applications for sustainable farming. Agriculture & Food Security, 14(1), 7. DOI: 10.1186/s40066-025-00530-7.
Antonio-Pérez, A., Durán-Armenta, L. F., Pérez-Loredo, M. G., & Torres-Huerta, A. L. (2023). Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles with medicinal plants extracts: From extraction methods to applications. Micromachines, 14(10), 1882. DOI: 10.3390/mi14101882.
Applequist, W. L., Brinckmann, J. A., Cunningham, A. B., Hart, R. E., Heinrich, M., Katerere, D. R., & Van Andel, T. (2020). Scientistsʼ warning on climate change and medicinal plants. Planta medica, 86(01), 10-18. DOI: 10.1055/a-1041-3406.
Aqeel, U., Aftab, T., Khan, M. M. A., Naeem, M., & Khan, M. N. (2022). A comprehensive review of impacts of diverse nanoparticles on growth, development and physiological adjustments in plants under changing environment. Chemosphere, 291, 132672. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132672.
Araya-Castro, K., Chao, T.-C., Durán-Vinet, B., Cisternas, C., Ciudad, G., & Rubilar, O. (2020). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using protein fractions from an aqueous extract of brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera. Processes, 9(1), 78. DOI: 10.3390/pr9010078.
Asemani, M., & Anarjan, N. (2019). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Juglans regia leaf extract and assessment of their physico-chemical and biological properties. Green Processing and Synthesis, 8(1), 557-567. DOI: 10.1515/gps-2019-0025.
Atha, D. H., Wang, H., Petersen, E. J., Cleveland, D., Holbrook, R. D., Jaruga, P., Dizdaroglu, M., Xing, B., & Nelson, B. C. (2012). Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models. Environmental science & technology, 46(3), 1819-1827. DOI: 10.1021/es202660k.
Atlas, R. M. (1984). Use of microbial diversity measurements to assess environmental stress. Current perspectives in microbial ecology, 540-545.
Auffan, M., Rose, J., Bottero, J.-Y., Lowry, G. V., Jolivet, J.-P., & Wiesner, M. R. (2009). Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective. Nature nanotechnology, 4(10), 634-641. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.242.
Bambharoliya, K. S., Bhatt, B., Salvi, P., Bhatt, M. D., Arora, S., & Bhatt, D. (2025). Green and Chemical Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Antifungal Protection and Plant Growth Enhancement of Chickpea via Nanopriming. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c03300.
Bansal, S. A., Khanna, V., Singh, A. P., & Kumar, S. (2022). Small percentage reinforcement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy (bisphenol-A) for enhanced mechanical performance. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61, 275-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.225.
Bernhardt, E. S., Colman, B. P., Hochella, M. F., Cardinale, B. J., Nisbet, R. M., Richardson, C. J., & Yin, L. (2010). An ecological perspective on nanomaterial impacts in the environment. Journal of environmental quality, 39(6), 1954-1965. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2009.0479.
Betancourt-Galindo, R., Reyes-Rodriguez, P., Puente-Urbina, B., Avila-Orta, C., Rodríguez-Fernández, O., Cadenas-Pliego, G., Lira-Saldivar, R., & García-Cerda, L. (2014). Synthesis of copper nanoparticles by thermal decomposition and their antimicrobial properties. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014(1), 980545. DOI: 10.1155/2014/980545.
Bhat, B. A., Islam, S. T., Ali, A., Sheikh, B. A., Tariq, L., Islam, S. U., & Hassan Dar, T. U. (2020). Role of micronutrients in secondary metabolism of plants. In Plant micronutrients: deficiency and toxicity management (pp. 311-329). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49856-6_13.
Borgatta, J., Ma, C., Hudson-Smith, N., Elmer, W., Plaza Perez, C. D., De La Torre-Roche, R., Zuverza-Mena, N., Haynes, C. L., White, J. C., & Hamers, R. J. (2018). Copper based nanomaterials suppress root fungal disease in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): role of particle morphology, composition and dissolution behavior. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(11), 14847-14856. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03379.
Borkow, G., & Gabbay, J. (2009). Copper, an ancient remedy returning to fight microbial, fungal and viral infections. Current Chemical Biology, 3(3), 272-278. DOI: 10.2174/187231309789054887.
Brar, S. K., Verma, M., Tyagi, R., & Surampalli, R. (2010). Engineered nanoparticles in wastewater and wastewater sludge–evidence and impacts. Waste management, 30(3), 504-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.10.012.
Brunner, T. J., Wick, P., Manser, P., Spohn, P., Grass, R. N., Limbach, L. K., Bruinink, A., & Stark, W. J. (2006). In vitro cytotoxicity of oxide nanoparticles: comparison to asbestos, silica, and the effect of particle solubility. Environmental science & technology, 40(14), 4374-4381. DOI: 10.1021/es052069i.
Burachevskaya, M., Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Bauer, T., Nevidomskaya, D., Shuvaeva, V., Sushkova, S., Kizilkaya, R., Gülser, C., & Rajput, V. (2021). Transformation of copper oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles in the soil and their accumulation by Hordeum sativum. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43(4), 1655-1672. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00857-7.
Canaparo, R., Foglietta, F., Limongi, T., & Serpe, L. (2020). Biomedical applications of reactive oxygen species generation by metal nanoparticles. Materials, 14(1), 53. DOI: 10.3390/ma14010053.
Carlson, C., Hussain, S. M., Schrand, A. M., K. Braydich-Stolle, L., Hess, K. L., Jones, R. L., & Schlager, J. J. (2008). Unique cellular interaction of silver nanoparticles: size-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. The journal of physical chemistry B, 112(43), 13608-13619. DOI: 10.1021/jp712087m.
Cavallo, D., Chiarella, P., Fresegna, A. M., Ciervo, A., Del Frate, V., & Ursini, C. L. (2023). Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials: Genotoxic, Oxidative, and Epigenetic Effects. Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics, 99-143. DOI: 10.1002/9781119896258.ch5.
Chang, M., Liu, Y., Xu, M., Li, H., & Li, S. W. (2024). Particle morphology and soil properties affect the retention of copper oxide nanoparticles in agricultural soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46(8), 281. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02057-5.
Chen, Z., Meng, H., Xing, G., Chen, C., Zhao, Y., Jia, G., Wang, T., Yuan, H., Ye, C., & Zhao, F. (2006). Acute toxicological effects of copper nanoparticles in vivo. Toxicology letters, 163(2), 109-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.10.003.
Chung, I.-M., Rekha, K., Rajakumar, G., & Thiruvengadam, M. (2018). Production of bioactive compounds and gene expression alterations in hairy root cultures of chinese cabbage elicited by copper oxide nanoparticles. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 134(1), 95-106. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-018-1402-0.
Cifuentes, Z., Custardoy, L., de la Fuente, J. M., Marquina, C., Ibarra, M. R., Rubiales, D., & Pérez-de-Luque, A. (2010). Absorption and translocation to the aerial part of magnetic carbon-coated nanoparticles through the root of different crop plants. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 8(1), 26. DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-26.
Croteau, M.-N., Misra, S. K., Luoma, S. N., & Valsami-Jones, E. (2014). Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures. Environmental science & technology, 48(18), 10929-10937. DOI: 10.1021/es5018703.
Da Costa, M., & Sharma, P. (2016). Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica, 54(1), 110-119. DOI: 10.1007/s11099-015-0167-5.
Daimari, J., & Deka, A. K. (2024). Anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of CuO–ZnO bimetallic nanoparticles: green synthesised from Eryngium foetidum leaf extract. Scientific reports, 14(1), 19506. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69847-w.
Dankovich, T. A., & Smith, J. A. (2014). Incorporation of copper nanoparticles into paper for point-of-use water purification. Water research, 63, 245-251. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.022.
DeAlba-Montero, I., Guajardo-Pacheco, J., Morales-Sánchez, E., Araujo-Martínez, R., Loredo-Becerra, G., Martínez-Castañón, G.-A., Ruiz, F., & Compeán Jasso, M. (2017). Antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles and amino acid chelated copper nanoparticles produced by using a soya extract. Bioinorganic chemistry and applications, 2017(1), 1064918. DOI: 10.1155/2017/1064918.
Deka, P., Borah, B. J., Saikia, H., & Bharali, P. (2019). Cu‐based nanoparticles as emerging environmental catalysts. The Chemical Record, 19(2-3), 462-473. DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800055.
Deline, A. R., Frank, B. P., Smith, C. L., Sigmon, L. R., Wallace, A. N., Gallagher, M. J., Goodwin Jr, D. G., Durkin, D. P., & Fairbrother, D. H. (2020). Influence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the environmental properties, transformations, and toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Chemical reviews, 120(20), 11651-11697. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00351.
Dev, A., Srivastava, A. K., & Karmakar, S. (2017). Uptake and toxicity of nanomaterials in plants. Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 5, 169-204. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58496-6_7.
Dietz, K.-J., & Herth, S. (2011). Plant nanotoxicology. Trends in plant science, 16(11), 582-589. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.08.003.
Doherty, G. J., & McMahon, H. T. (2009). Mechanisms of endocytosis. Annual review of biochemistry, 78(1), 857-902. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.081307.110540.
Dorjee, L., Gogoi, R., Kamil, D., Kumar, R., Mondal, T. K., Pattanayak, S., & Gurung, B. (2023). Essential oil-grafted copper nanoparticles as a potential next-generation fungicide for holistic disease management in maize. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1204512. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204512.
Duhan, J. S., Kumar, R., Kumar, N., Kaur, P., Nehra, K., & Duhan, S. (2017). Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. Biotechnology reports, 15, 11-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.03.002.
Eid, A. M., Fouda, A., Hassan, S. E.-D., Hamza, M. F., Alharbi, N. K., Elkelish, A., Alharthi, A., & Salem, W. M. (2023). Plant-based copper oxide nanoparticles; biosynthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, tanning wastewater treatment, and heavy metals sorption. Catalysts, 13(2), DOI: 348. 10.3390/catal13020348.
Elbanna, H. M., Ahmed, O. K., Fayed, S. A.-K., Hammam, K. A.-M., & Yousef, R. S. (2024). Enhancing french basil growth through synergistic Foliar treatment with copper nanoparticles and Spirulina sp. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), 512. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05153-x.
Elsayed, A. A., Ahmed, E.-G., Taha, Z. K., Farag, H. M., Hussein, M. S., & AbouAitah, K. (2022). Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as novel nano-fertilizer for production of rosemary plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 295, 110851. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110851.
Ermini, M. L., Summa, M., Zamborlin, A., Frusca, V., Mapanao, A. K., Mugnaioli, E., Bertorelli, R., & Voliani, V. (2023). Copper nano-architecture topical cream for the accelerated recovery of burnt skin. Nanoscale Advances, 5(4), 1212-1219. DOI: 10.1039/d2na00786j.
Faraz, A., Faizan, M., D. Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Hayat, S., Faisal, M., Alatar, A. A., & Abdel-Salam, E. M. (2023). CuO nanoparticle-mediated seed priming improves physio-biochemical and enzymatic activities of Brassica juncea. Plants, 12(4), 803. DOI: 10.3390/plants12040803.
Faraz, A., Faizan, M., Hayat, S., & Alam, P. (2022). Foliar application of copper oxide nanoparticles increases the photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant activity in Brassica juncea. Journal of Food Quality, 2022(1), 5535100. DOI: 10.1155/2022/5535100.
Farré, M., Sanchís, J., & Barceló, D. (2011). Analysis and assessment of the occurrence, the fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30(3), 517-527. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.11.014.
Fedorenko, A. G., Minkina, T. M., Chernikova, N. P., Fedorenko, G. M., Mandzhieva, S. S., Rajput, V. D., Burachevskaya, M. V., Chaplygin, V. A., Bauer, T. V., & Sushkova, S. N. (2021). The toxic effect of CuO of different dispersion degrees on the structure and ultrastructure of spring barley cells (Hordeum sativum distichum). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43(4), 1673-1687. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00530-5.
Feigl, G. (2023). The impact of copper oxide nanoparticles on plant growth: a comprehensive review. Journal of Plant Interactions, 18(1), 2243098. DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2023.2243098.
Feng, G., Xiong, Y.-J., Wei, H.-Y., Li, Y., & Mao, L.-F. (2023). Endemic medicinal plant distribution correlated with stable climate, precipitation, and cultural diversity. Plant Diversity, 45(4), 479-484. DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.09.007.
Fernández-Triana, I., Rubilar, O., Parada, J., Fincheira, P., Benavides-Mendoza, A., Durán, P., Fernández-Baldo, M., Seabra, A., & Tortella, G. (2024). Metal nanoparticles and pesticides under global climate change: Assessing the combined effects of multiple abiotic stressors on soil microbial ecosystems. Science of The Total Environment, 942, 173494. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173494.
Fouda, A., Hassan, S. E.-D., Eid, A. M., Awad, M. A., Althumayri, K., Badr, N. F., & Hamza, M. F. (2022). Endophytic bacterial strain, Brevibacillus brevis-mediated green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles, characterization, antifungal, in vitro cytotoxicity, and larvicidal activity. Green Processing and Synthesis, 11(1), 931-950. DOI: 10.1515/gps-2022-0080.
Gabal, E., Ramadan, M. M., Alghuthaymi, M. A., & Abd-Elsalam, K. A. (2018). Copper nanostructures applications in plant protection. In Nanobiotechnology applications in plant protection (pp. 63-86). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91161-8_3
Galhardi, C. M., Diniz, Y. S., Faine, L. A., Rodrigues, H. G., Burneiko, R. C., Ribas, B. O., & Novelli, E. L. (2004). Toxicity of copper intake: lipid profile, oxidative stress and susceptibility to renal dysfunction. Food and chemical toxicology, 42(12), 2053-2060. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.07.020.
Gao, M., Chang, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Wang, T. (2023). Advances in transport and toxicity of nanoparticles in plants. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 21(1), 75. DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01830-5.
Gao, Y., Luo, Z., He, N., & Wang, M. K. (2013). Metallic nanoparticle production and consumption in China between 2000 and 2010 and associative aquatic environmental risk assessment. Journal of nanoparticle research, 15(6), 1681. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1681-7.
García-Mayagoitia, S., Torres-Gómez, A. P., Pérez-Hernández, H., Patra, J. K., & Fernández-Luqueño, F. (2023). Collateral effects of nanopollution on human and environmental health. In Agricultural and environmental nanotechnology: Novel technologies and their ecological impact (pp. 619-645). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5454-2_23.
Gawande, M. B., Goswami, A., Felpin, F.-X., Asefa, T., Huang, X., Silva, R., Zou, X., Zboril, R., & Varma, R. S. (2016). Cu and Cu-based nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis. Chemical reviews, 116(6), 3722-3811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00482.
Geremew, A., Palmer, L., Johnson, A., Reeves, S., Brooks, N., & Carson, L. (2024). Multi-functional copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Lagerstroemia indica leaf extracts and their applications. Heliyon, 10(9). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30178.
Gomes, D. G., Pieretti, J. C., Lange, C. N., Santana, B. d. M., Batista, B. L., Parreira, P. S. r., Zucareli, C., Seabra, A. B., & Oliveira, H. C. (2024). Seed Nanopriming with Green-Synthesized Cu-Based Nanoparticles for Maize Plants with Improved Tolerance to Hydric Stress. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 7(17), 20058-20070. DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c02607.
Gomes, D. G., Pieretti, J. C., Lourenço, I. M., Oliveira, H. C., & Seabra, A. B. (2022). Copper-based nanoparticles for pesticide effects. In Inorganic nanopesticides and nanofertilizers: A view from the mechanisms of action to field applications (pp. 187-212). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94155-0_6.
Gosens, I., Costa, P. M., Olsson, M., Stone, V., Costa, A. L., Brunelli, A., Badetti, E., Bonetto, A., Bokkers, B. G., & de Jong, W. H. (2021). Pulmonary toxicity and gene expression changes after short-term inhalation exposure to surface-modified copper oxide nanoparticles. NanoImpact, 22, 100313. DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100313.
Govindaraju, K., Basha, S. K., Kumar, V. G., & Singaravelu, G. (2008). Silver, gold and bimetallic nanoparticles production using single-cell protein (Spirulina platensis) Geitler. Journal of Materials Science, 43(15), 5115-5122. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-008-2745-4.
Gowtham, H., Shilpa, N., Singh, S. B., Aiyaz, M., Abhilash, M., Nataraj, K., Amruthesh, K., Ansari, M. A., Alomary, M. N., & Murali, M. (2024). Toxicological effects of nanoparticles in plants: Mechanisms involved at morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 210, 108604. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108604.
Grigore, M. E., Biscu, E. R., Holban, A. M., Gestal, M. C., & Grumezescu, A. M. (2016). Methods of synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of CuO nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals, 9(4), DOI: 75. 10.3390/ph9040075.
Gunalan, S., Sivaraj, R., & Venckatesh, R. (2012). Aloe barbadensis Miller mediated green synthesis of mono-disperse copper oxide nanoparticles: optical properties. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 97, 1140-1144. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.096.
Hamdy, E., El-Gendi, H., Al-Askar, A., El-Far, A., Kowalczewski, P., Behiry, S., & Abdelkhalek, A. (2024). Copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated Heliotropium bacciferum leaf extract: antifungal activity and molecular docking assays against strawberry pathogens. Open Chemistry, 22(1), 20240028. DOI: 10.1515/chem-2024-0028.
Helmlinger, J., Sengstock, C., Groß-Heitfeld, C., Mayer, C., Schildhauer, T. A., Köller, M., & Epple, M. (2016). Silver nanoparticles with different size and shape: equal cytotoxicity, but different antibacterial effects. RSC advances, 6(22), 18490-18501. DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27836h.
Hong, J., Wang, C., Wagner, D. C., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., He, F., & Rico, C. M. (2021). Foliar application of nanoparticles: mechanisms of absorption, transfer, and multiple impacts. Environmental Science: Nano, 8(5), 1196-1210. DOI: 10.1039/D0EN01129K.
Hu, P., An, J., Faulkner, M. M., Wu, H., Li, Z., Tian, X., & Giraldo, J. P. (2020). Nanoparticle charge and size control foliar delivery efficiency to plant cells and organelles. ACS nano, 14(7), 7970-7986. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09178.
Huang, G., Zuverza-Mena, N., White, J. C., Hu, H., Xing, B., & Dhankher, O. P. (2022). Simultaneous exposure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to CuO and S nanoparticles alleviates toxicity by reducing Cu accumulation and modulating antioxidant response. Science of The Total Environment, 839, 156285. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156285.
Huang, Y., Bai, X., Li, C., Kang, M. e., Weng, Y., & Gong, D. (2022). Modulation mechanism of phytotoxicity on Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. by surface coating-modified copper oxide nanoparticles and its health risk assessment. Environmental Pollution, 314, 120288. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120288.
Hussain, S., Garantziotis, S., Rodrigues-Lima, F., Dupret, J.-M., Baeza-Squiban, A., & Boland, S. (2014). Intracellular signal modulation by nanomaterials. Nanomaterial: Impacts on Cell Biology and Medicine, 111-134. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_7.
Ibraheem, I., Abd-Elaziz, B., Saad, W., & Fathy, W. (2016). Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine Red Algae Acanthophora specifera and its antimicrobial activity. J Nanomed Nanotechnol, 7(409), 1-4. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000409.
Idrees, S., Abbasi, B. A., Iqbal, J., & Kazi, M. (2025). Euphorbia serpens extracts mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their biological applications. Heliyon, 11(1). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41397.
Iranbakhsh, A., Oraghi Ardebili, Z., & Oraghi Ardebili, N. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their impact on plants. In Plant responses to nanomaterials: recent interventions, and physiological and biochemical responses (pp. 33-93). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36740-4_3.
Jain, M., Yadav, M., & Chaudhry, S. (2021). Copper oxide nanoparticles for the removal of divalent nickel ions from aqueous solution. Toxin Reviews, 40(4), 872-885. DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1799407.
Jampilek, J., & Králová, K. (2015). Application of nanotechnology in agriculture and food industry, its prospects and risks. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, 22(3), 321. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0018.
Jampílek, J., & Kráľová, K. (2019). Impact of nanoparticles on photosynthesizing organisms and their use in hybrid structures with some components of photosynthetic apparatus. In Plant Nanobionics: Volume 1, Advances in the Understanding of Nanomaterials Research and Applications (pp. 255-332). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12496-0_11.
Javed, R., Mohamed, A., Yücesan, B., Gürel, E., Kausar, R., & Zia, M. (2017). CuO nanoparticles significantly influence in vitro culture, steviol glycosides, and antioxidant activities of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 131(3), 611-620. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-017-1312-6.
Jayarambabu, N., Akshaykranth, A., Rao, T. V., Rao, K. V., & Kumar, R. R. (2020). Green synthesis of Cu nanoparticles using Curcuma longa extract and their application in antimicrobial activity. Materials Letters, 259, 126813. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126813.
Jeevanandam, J., Barhoum, A., Chan, Y. S., Dufresne, A., & Danquah, M. K. (2018). Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations. Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 9(1), 1050-1074. DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.98.
Ji, H., Guo, Z., Wang, G., Wang, X., & Liu, H. (2022). Effect of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on the growth, nutrient absorption, and potential health risk of the seasonal vegetable Medicago polymorpha L. PeerJ, 10, e14038. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14038.
Jośko, I., Dobrzyńska, J., Dobrowolski, R., Kusiak, M., & Terpiłowski, K. (2020). The effect of pH and ageing on the fate of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles in soils. Science of The Total Environment, 721, 137771. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137771.
Ju, Y., Li, X., Ju, L., Feng, H., Tan, F., Cui, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Cao, J., & Qiao, P. (2022). Nanoparticles in the Earth surface systems and their effects on the environment and resource. Gondwana Research, 110, 370-392. DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.02.012.
Kacziba, B., Szierer, Á., Mészáros, E., Rónavári, A., Kónya, Z., & Feigl, G. (2023). Exploration the homeostasis of signaling molecules in monocotyledonous crops with different CuO nanoparticle tolerance. Plant Stress, 7, 100145. DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2023.100145.
Karlsson, H. L., Gustafsson, J., Cronholm, P., & Möller, L. (2009). Size-dependent toxicity of metal oxide particles—a comparison between nano-and micrometer size. Toxicology letters, 188(2), 112-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.014.
Kavitha, K., Paul, J. A. J., Kumar, P., Archana, J., Begam, H. F., Karmegam, N., & Biruntha, M. (2022). Impact of biosynthesized CuO nanoparticles on seed germination and cyto-physiological responses of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Vigna radiata. Materials Letters, 313, 131756. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.131756.
Keller, A. A., Adeleye, A. S., Conway, J. R., Garner, K. L., Zhao, L., Cherr, G. N., Hong, J., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., Godwin, H. A., & Hanna, S. (2017). Comparative environmental fate and toxicity of copper nanomaterials. NanoImpact, 7, 28-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.05.003.
Keller, A. A., McFerran, S., Lazareva, A., & Suh, S. (2013). Global life cycle releases of engineered nanomaterials. Journal of nanoparticle research, 15(6), 1692. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1692-4.
Khan, M. R., Siddiqui, Z. A., & Fang, X. (2022). Potential of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in plant disease diagnostics and management: Recent advances and challenges. Chemosphere, 297, 134114. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134114.
Khanna, K., Kohli, S. K., Handa, N., Kaur, H., Ohri, P., Bhardwaj, R., Yousaf, B., Rinklebe, J., & Ahmad, P. (2021). Enthralling the impact of engineered nanoparticles on soil microbiome: A concentric approach towards environmental risks and cogitation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 222, 112459. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112459.
Kokorekin, V., Gamayunova, A., Yanilkin, V., & Petrosyan, V. (2017). Mediated electrochemical synthesis of copper nanoparticles in solution. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 66(11), 2035-2043. DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1978-2.
Kováčik, J., Grúz, J., Bačkor, M., Tomko, J., Strnad, M., & Repčák, M. (2008). Phenolic compounds composition and physiological attributes of Matricaria chamomilla grown in copper excess. Environmental and experimental botany, 62(2), 145-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.07.012.
Kruszewski, M., Brzoska, K., Brunborg, G., Asare, N., Dobrzyńska, M., Dušinská, M., Fjellsbø, L. M., Georgantzopoulou, A., Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J., & Gutleb, A. C. (2011). Toxicity of silver nanomaterials in higher eukaryotes. Advances in molecular toxicology, 5, 179-218. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53864-2.00005-0.
Kumar, A., Kaladharan, K., & Tseng, F.-G. (2021). Nanomaterials: Surface functionalization, modification, and applications. In Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications (pp. 405-438). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_14.
Kumar, S., Kumar, S., Kaur, H., Kumar, S., Rani, D., Singh, S., Gaur, J., Misra, M., & Singh, A. (2024). Harmonizing nature’s blueprint: Enhanced synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Trigonella foenum-graecum for advanced water purification. Interactions, 245(1), 80. DOI: 10.1007/s10751-024-01915-z.
Kurepa, J., Paunesku, T., Vogt, S., Arora, H., Rabatic, B. M., Lu, J., Wanzer, M. B., Woloschak, G. E., & Smalle, J. A. (2010). Uptake and distribution of ultrasmall anatase TiO2 Alizarin red S nanoconjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nano letters, 10(7), 2296-2302. DOI: 10.1021/nl903518f.
Kusiak, M., Oleszczuk, P., & Jośko, I. (2022). Cross-examination of engineered nanomaterials in crop production: Application and related implications. Journal of hazardous materials, 424, 127374. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127374.
Labaran, A. N., Zango, Z. U., Tailor, G., Alsadig, A., Usman, F., Mukhtar, M. T., Garba, A. M., Alhathlool, R., Ibnaouf, K. H., & Aldaghri, O. A. (2024). Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using Alstonia scholaris leaves and its antimicrobial studies. Scientific reports, 14(1), 5589. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56052-y.
Lafmejani, Z. N., Jafari, A. A., Moradi, P., & Moghadam, A. L. (2018). Impact of foliar application of copper sulphate and copper nanoparticles on some morpho-physiological traits and essential oil composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Herba Polonica, 64(2). DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2018-0006.
Le Van, N., Rui, Y., Cao, W., Shang, J., Liu, S., Nguyen Quang, T., & Liu, L. (2016). Toxicity and bio-effects of CuO nanoparticles on transgenic Ipt-cotton. Journal of Plant Interactions, 11(1), 108-116. DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2016.1217434.
Lee, W. M., An, Y. J., Yoon, H., & Kweon, H. S. (2008). Toxicity and bioavailability of copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum): plant agar test for water‐insoluble nanoparticles. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 27(9), 1915-1921. DOI: 10.1897/07-481.1.
Lerner, C. A., Rutagarama, P., Ahmad, T., Sundar, I. K., Elder, A., & Rahman, I. (2016). Electronic cigarette aerosols and copper nanoparticles induce mitochondrial stress and promote DNA fragmentation in lung fibroblasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 477(4), 620-625. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.109.
Letchumanan, D., Sok, S. P., Ibrahim, S., Nagoor, N. H., & Arshad, N. M. (2021). Plant-based biosynthesis of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles: an update on their applications in biomedicine, mechanisms, and toxicity. Biomolecules, 11(4), 564. DOI: 10.3390/biom11040564.
Liang, J., Wei, M., Wang, Q., Zhao, Z., Liu, A., Yu, Z., & Tian, Y. (2018). Sensitive electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide using copper nanoparticles in a polyaniline film on a glassy carbon electrode. Analytical Letters, 51(4), 512-522. DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1343832.
Lin, D., & Xing, B. (2008). Root uptake and phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Environmental science & technology, 42(15), 5580-5585. DOI: 10.1021/es800422x.
Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Yin, Y., Adeel, M., Shakoor, N., Li, Y., Tan, Z., Rui, Y., Zhang, Q., & Liu, J. (2022). Agricultural applications and potential risks of copper-based nanoagrochemicals in crop cultivation. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 260(1), 20. DOI: 10.1007/s44169-022-00022-w.
Lou, L.-q., Shen, Z.-g., & Li, X.-d. (2004). The copper tolerance mechanisms of Elsholtzia haichowensis, a plant from copper-enriched soils. Environmental and experimental botany, 51(2), 111-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2003.08.002.
Lubbe, A., & Verpoorte, R. (2011). Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants for specialty industrial materials. Industrial crops and products, 34(1), 785-801. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.01.019.
Ma, C., White, J. C., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q., & Xing, B. (2018). Uptake of engineered nanoparticles by food crops: characterization, mechanisms, and implications. Annual review of food science and technology, 9, 129-153. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012657.
Malhi, S. (2009). Effectiveness of seed-soaked Cu, autumn-versus spring-applied Cu, and Cu-treated P fertilizer on seed yield of wheat and residual nitrate-N for a Cu-deficient soil. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 89(6), 1017-1030. DOI: 10.4141/CJPS08189.
Manceau, A., Nagy, K. L., Marcus, M. A., Lanson, M., Geoffroy, N., Jacquet, T., & Kirpichtchikova, T. (2008). Formation of metallic copper nanoparticles at the soil− root interface. Environmental science & technology, 42(5), 1766-1772. DOI: 10.1021/es072017o.
Mandal, D., Bolander, M. E., Mukhopadhyay, D., Sarkar, G., & Mukherjee, P. (2006). The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 69(5), 485-492. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0179-3.
Marcelino, S., Hamdane, S., Gaspar, P. D., & Paço, A. (2023). Sustainable agricultural practices for the production of medicinal and aromatic plants: evidence and recommendations. Sustainability, 15(19), 14095. DOI: 10.3390/su151914095.
Maroufpoor, N., Mousavi, M., Hatami, M., Rasoulnia, A., & Lajayer, B. A. (2019). Mechanisms involved in stimulatory and toxicity effects of nanomaterials on seed germination and early seedling growth. Advances in phytonanotechnology, 153-181. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815322-2.000067.
Masarovičová, E., Kráľová, K., & Kummerová, M. (2010). Principles of classification of medicinal plants as hyperaccumulators or excluders. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 32(5), 823-829. DOI: 10.1007/s11738-010-0474-1.
Mavil-Guerrero, E., Vazquez-Duhalt, R., & Juarez-Moreno, K. (2024). Exploring the cytotoxicity mechanisms of copper ions and copper oxide nanoparticles in cells from the excretory system. Chemosphere, 347, 140713. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140713.
Michiels, C., Raes, M., Toussaint, O., & Remacle, J. (1994). Importance of Se-glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress. Free radical Biology and medicine, 17(3), 235-248. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90079-5.
Mikolay, A., Huggett, S., Tikana, L., Grass, G., Braun, J., & Nies, D. H. (2010). Survival of bacteria on metallic copper surfaces in a hospital trial. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 87(5), 1875-1879. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2640-1.
Milewska-Hendel, A., Zubko, M., Stróż, D., & Kurczyńska, E. U. (2019). Effect of nanoparticles surface charge on the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) roots development and their movement into the root cells and protoplasts. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(7), 1650. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071650.
Mitra, D., Kang, E.-T., & Neoh, K. G. (2019). Antimicrobial copper-based materials and coatings: potential multifaceted biomedical applications. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 12(19), 21159-21182. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17815.
Mohammad Shafiee, M., Kargar, M., & Ghashang, M. (2016). Simple synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles in the presence of extractive Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. Journal of Nanostructures, 6(1), 28-31. DOI: 10.7508/JNS.2016.01.004.
Mondal, K. K., & Mani, C. (2012). Investigation of the antibacterial properties of nanocopper against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae, the incitant of pomegranate bacterial blight. Annals of microbiology, 62(2), 889-893. DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0382-7.
Monreal, C., DeRosa, M., Mallubhotla, S., Bindraban, P., & Dimkpa, C. (2016). Nanotechnologies for increasing the crop use efficiency of fertilizer-micronutrients. Biology and fertility of soils, 52(3), 423-437. DOI: 10.1007/s00374-015-1073-5.
Moschini, E., Colombo, G., Chirico, G., Capitani, G., Dalle-Donne, I., & Mantecca, P. (2023). Biological mechanism of cell oxidative stress and death during short-term exposure to nano CuO. Scientific reports, 13(1), 2326. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28958-6.
Mott, D., Galkowski, J., Wang, L., Luo, J., & Zhong, C.-J. (2007). Synthesis of size-controlled and shaped copper nanoparticles. Langmuir, 23(10), 5740-5745. DOI: 10.1021/la0635092.
Moumen, A., Kumarage, G. C., & Comini, E. (2022). P-type metal oxide semiconductor thin films: Synthesis and chemical sensor applications. Sensors, 22(4), 1359. DOI: 10.3390/s22041359.
Naderi, A., & Amooaghaie, R. (2023). The effect of CuO nanoparticles and irrigation intervals on antioxidant responses, yield components and essential oil content in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 12(56), 59-74.
Nagar, N., & Devra, V. (2018). Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 213, 44-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.04.007.
Naika, H. R., Lingaraju, K., Manjunath, K., Kumar, D., Nagaraju, G., Suresh, D., & Nagabhushana, H. (2015). Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Gloriosa superba L. extract and their antibacterial activity. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 9(1), 7-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.04.006.
Nair, P. M. G., & Chung, I. M. (2015a). Changes in the growth, redox status and expression of oxidative stress related genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in response to copper oxide nanoparticle exposure. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 34(2), 350-361. DOI: 10.1007/s00344-014-9468-3.
Nair, P. M. G., & Chung, I. M. (2015b). Study on the correlation between copper oxide nanoparticles induced growth suppression and enhanced lignification in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 113, 302-313. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.013.
Nair, P. M. G., & Chung, I. M. (2017). Evaluation of stress effects of copper oxide nanoparticles in Brassica napus L. seedlings. 3 Biotech, 7(5), 293. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0929-9.
Nazir, A., Malik, K., Qamar, H., Basit, M. H., Liaqat, A., Shahid, M., Khan, M. I., Fatima, A., Irshad, A., & Sadia, H. (2020). 9. A review: Use of plant extracts and their phytochemical constituents to control antibiotic resistance in S. aureus. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 9(1), 720-727. DOI: 10.19045/bspab.2020.90078.
Nekoukhou, M., Fallah, S., Pokhrel, L. R., Abbasi-Surki, A., & Rostamnejadi, A. (2023). Foliar enrichment of copper oxide nanoparticles promotes biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and commercially valuable secondary metabolites and essential oils in dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under semi-arid conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 863, 160920. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160920.
Nekoukhou, M., Fallah, S., Pokhrel, L. R., Abbasi-Surki, A., & Rostamnejadi, A. (2024). Foliar co-application of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles promotes phytochemicals and essential oil production in dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica). Science of The Total Environment, 906, 167519. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167519.
Nekrasova, G., Ushakova, O., Ermakov, A., Uimin, M., & Byzov, I. (2011). Effects of copper (II) ions and copper oxide nanoparticles on Elodea densa Planch. Russian Journal of Ecology, 42(6), 458-463. DOI: 10.1134/S1067413611060117.
Nel, A., Xia, T., Madler, L., & Li, N. (2006). Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. science, 311(5761), 622-627. DOI: 10.1126/science.1114397.
Nguyen, N. H., Padil, V. V. T., Slaveykova, V. I., Černík, M., & Ševců, A. (2018). Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their effect on the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nanoscale research letters, 13(1), 159. DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2575-5.
Nie, G., Zhao, J., He, R., & Tang, Y. (2020). CuO nanoparticle exposure impairs the root tip cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231(7), 324. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-04676-x.
Nikalje, A. P. (2015). Nanotechnology and its applications in medicine. Med chem, 5(2), 081-089. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000247.
Nikzamir, M., Hanifehpour, Y., Akbarzadeh, A., & Panahi, Y. (2021). Applications of dendrimers in nanomedicine and drug delivery: A review. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31(6), 2246-2261. DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01925-2.
Nowack, B., Bornhöft, N., Ding, Y., Riediker, M., Jiménez, A. S., Sun, T., van Tongeren, M., & Wohlleben, W. (2015). The flows of engineered nanomaterials from production, use, and disposal to the environment. In Indoor and outdoor nanoparticles: Determinants of release and exposure scenarios (pp. 209-231). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_402.
Nuruzzaman, M., Rahman, M. M., Liu, Y., & Naidu, R. (2016). Nanoencapsulation, nano-guard for pesticides: a new window for safe application. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(7), 1447-1483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05214.
Ojha, N. K., Zyryanov, G. V., Majee, A., Charushin, V. N., Chupakhin, O. N., & Santra, S. (2017). Copper nanoparticles as inexpensive and efficient catalyst: A valuable contribution in organic synthesis. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 353, 1-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.004.
Olchowik, J., Bzdyk, R. M., Studnicki, M., Bederska-Błaszczyk, M., Urban, A., & Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska, M. (2017). The effect of silver and copper nanoparticles on the condition of english oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings in a container nursery experiment. Forests, 8(9), 310. DOI: 10.3390/f8090310.
Pandita, D. (2022). Role of nano-biotechnology in medicinal plant production. In Environmental Challenges and Medicinal Plants: Sustainable Production Solutions under Adverse Conditions (pp. 355-384). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92050-0_15.
Paparella, S., Araújo, S. d. S., Rossi, G., Wijayasinghe, M., Carbonera, D., & Balestrazzi, A. (2015). Seed priming: state of the art and new perspectives. Plant cell reports, 34(8), 1281-1293. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1784-y.
Parveen, F., Sannakki, B., Mandke, M. V., & Pathan, H. M. (2016). Copper nanoparticles: Synthesis methods and its light harvesting performance. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 144, 371-382. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.08.033.
Perreault, F., Melegari, S. P., da Costa, C. H., Rossetto, A. L. d. O. F., Popovic, R., & Matias, W. G. (2012). Genotoxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles in Neuro 2A cell cultures. Science of The Total Environment, 441, 117-124. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.065.
Perreault, F., Samadani, M., & Dewez, D. (2014). Effect of soluble copper released from copper oxide nanoparticles solubilisation on growth and photosynthetic processes of Lemna gibba L. Nanotoxicology, 8(4), 374-382. DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.789936.
Pirmoghani, A., Salehi, I., Moradkhani, S., Karimi, S. A., & Salehi, S. (2019). Effect of Crataegus extract supplementation on diabetes induced memory deficits and serum biochemical parameters in male rats. IBRO reports, 7, 90-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.10.004.
Prabu, P., & Losetty, V. (2024). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Macroptilium Lathyroides (L) leaf extract and their spectroscopic characterization, biological activity and photocatalytic dye degradation study. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1301, 137404. DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.137404.
Prakash, M., Nair, G., & Chung, I. M. (2014). Impact of copper oxide nanoparticles exposure on Arabidopsis thaliana growth, root system development, root lignificaion, and molecular level changes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(22), 12709. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3210-3.
Rahmani, F., Peymani, A., Daneshvand, E., & Biparva, P. (2016). Impact of zinc oxide and copper oxide nano-particles on physiological and molecular processes in Brassica napus L. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21(2), 122-128. DOI: 10.1007/s40502-016-0212-9.
Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Mazarji, M., Shende, S., Sushkova, S., Mandzhieva, S., Burachevskaya, M., Chaplygin, V., Singh, A., & Jatav, H. (2020). Accumulation of nanoparticles in the soil-plant systems and their effects on human health. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 65(2), 137-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2020.08.001.
Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Sushkova, S., Behal, A., Maksimov, A., Blicharska, E., Ghazaryan, K., Movsesyan, H., & Barsova, N. (2020). ZnO and CuO nanoparticles: a threat to soil organisms, plants, and human health. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42(1), 147-158. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00317-3.
Rajput, V. D., Minkina, T., Fedorenko, A., Mandzhieva, S., Sushkova, S., Lysenko, V., Duplii, N., Azarov, A., & Chokheli, V. (2019). Destructive effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on ultrastructure of chloroplast, plastoglobules and starch grains in spring barley (Hordeum sativum). DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0877.
Rao, S., & Shekhawat, G. S. (2016). Phytotoxicity and oxidative stress perspective of two selected nanoparticles in Brassica juncea. 3 Biotech, 6(2), 244. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0550-3.
Rautaray, D., Ahmad, A., & Sastry, M. (2003). Biosynthesis of CaCO3 crystals of complex morphology using a fungus and an actinomycete. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(48), 14656-14657. DOI: 10.1021/ja0374877.
Ravele, M. P., Oyewo, O. A., Ramaila, S., Mavuru, L., & Onwudiwe, D. C. (2022). Facile synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their applications in the photocatalytic degradation of acyclovir. Results in Engineering, 14, 100479. DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100479.
Rawat, S., Pullagurala, V. L., Hernandez-Molina, M., Sun, Y., Niu, G., Hernandez-Viezcas, J. A., Peralta-Videa, J. R., & Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. (2018). Impacts of copper oxide nanoparticles on bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants: a full life cycle study. Environmental Science: Nano, 5(1), 83-95. DOI: 10.1039/C7EN00697G.
Rico, C. M., Majumdar, S., Duarte-Gardea, M., Peralta-Videa, J. R., & Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. (2011). Interaction of nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(8), 3485-3498. DOI: 10.1021/jf104517j.
Ringu, T., Das, A., Ghosh, S., & Pramanik, N. (2024). Exploring the potential of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for sustainable environmental bioengineering applications. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 9(4), 679-707. DOI: 10.1007/s41204-024-00389-2.
Rinita, J., Jose, R., Muthupandi, S., Jothi, N. N., & Sagayaraj, P. (2023). Green synthesis and characterization of copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanospheres using natural extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum. 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 2020, DOI: 10.1063/5.0140561.
Robertazzi, A., & Platts, J. A. (2006). Gas-phase DNA oligonucleotide structures. A QM/MM and atoms in molecules study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 110(11), 3992-4000. DOI: 10.1021/jp056626z.
Robinson, H., Daines, A. M., Brackovic, A., Williams, D. B. G., Sims, I. M., & Hinkley, S. F. (2024). Cu (II) complexes using acylhydrazones or cyclen for biocidal antifouling coatings. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 96(4), 549-564. DOI: 10.1515/pac-2024-0203.
Roduner, E. (2006). Size matters: why nanomaterials are different. Chemical society reviews, 35(7), 583-592. DOI: 10.1039/b502142c.
Roy, S., & Rhim, J.-W. (2019). Melanin‐mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and preparation of functional agar/CuO NP nanocomposite films. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019(1), 2840517. DOI: 10.1155/2019/2840517.
Rubilar, O., Rai, M., Tortella, G., Diez, M. C., Seabra, A. B., & Durán, N. (2013). Biogenic nanoparticles: copper, copper oxides, copper sulphides, complex copper nanostructures and their applications. Biotechnology Letters, 35(9), 1365-1375. DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1239-x.
Ruiz, P., Katsumiti, A., Nieto, J. A., Bori, J., Jimeno-Romero, A., Reip, P., Arostegui, I., Orbea, A., & Cajaraville, M. P. (2015). Short-term effects on antioxidant enzymes and long-term genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of CuO nanoparticles compared to bulk CuO and ionic copper in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Marine environmental research, 111, 107-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.07.018.
Šalamon, I., Kráľová, K., & Masarovičová, E. (2007). Accumulation of cadmium in chamomile plants cultivated in Eastern Slovakia regions. Acta Hort (ISHS), 749, 217-222. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.749.26.
Salem, K. F., Abd-Ellatif, S., Abdel Razik, E.-S. S., Fadel, M. S., Elkhawas, A. E., Marzouk, E. R., Bassouny, M. A., & Ibrahim, A. A. (2023). Effect of nanomaterials on water and solutes translocation in plants. In Nanomaterial Interactions with Plant Cellular Mechanisms and Macromolecules and Agricultural Implications (pp. 19-47). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20878-2_2.
Salvioni, L., Morelli, L., Ochoa, E., Labra, M., Fiandra, L., Palugan, L., Prosperi, D., & Colombo, M. (2021). The emerging role of nanotechnology in skincare. Advances in colloid and interface science, 293, 102437. DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102437.
Sanità, G., Carrese, B., & Lamberti, A. (2020). Nanoparticle surface functionalization: how to improve biocompatibility and cellular internalization. Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 7, 587012. DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.587012.
Sarfraz, Z., Hussain, M., Rehman, M. A., Luqman, M., Khan, M. R., Alomayri, T., Bilal, M., & Inam-ul-Haq, M. (2024). Investigation of synergistic effects of cobalt doping on physical and dielectric properties of copper oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 193, 112116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2024.112116.
Senthilkumar, A., Muthuswamy, R., Nallal, U. M., Ramaiyan, S., Kannan, P., Muthupandi, S., Lakshminarayanan, S. P., Sambasivam, S., & Ayyar, M. (2024). Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles from agro-waste garlic husk. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 238(1), 75-88. DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2023-0291.
Shahane, S. P., & Kumar, A. (2022). Estimation of health risks due to copper-based nanoagrochemicals. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(17), 25046-25059. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17308-6.
Sharafudheen, S. B., Vijayakumar, C., Rajakrishnan, R., Alfarhan, A., Arokiyaraj, S., & Bindhu, M. (2025). Biogenic synthesis of porous CuO nanoparticles: Synergistic effects in photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical energy storage applications. Journal of Crystal Growth, 649, 127917. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2024.127917.
Sharma, P., Khanduja, D., & Sharma, S. (2014). Tribological and mechanical behavior of particulate aluminum matrix composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(23), 2192- DOI: 2202. 10.1177/0731684414556012.
Shi, J., Peng, C., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Zhang, H., Yuan, X., Chen, Y., & Hu, T. (2014). Phytotoxicity and accumulation of copper oxide nanoparticles to the Cu-tolerant plant Elsholtzia splendens. Nanotoxicology, 8(2), 179-188. DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.766768.
Shirvanimoghaddam, K., Hamim, S. U., Akbari, M. K., Fakhrhoseini, S. M., Khayyam, H., Pakseresht, A. H., Ghasali, E., Zabet, M., Munir, K. S., & Jia, S. (2017). Carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites: Fabrication processes and properties. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 92, 70-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.10.032.
Shobha, G., Moses, V., & Ananda, S. (2014). Biological synthesis of copper nanoparticles and its impact. Int. j. pharm. sci. Invent, 3(8), 6-28.
Siddiqi, K. S., & Husen, A. (2020). Current status of plant metabolite-based fabrication of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles and their applications: a review. Biomaterials Research, 24(1), 11. DOI: 10.1186/s40824-020-00188-1.
Siddiqui, H., Qureshi, M., & Haque, F. Z. (2016). Effect of copper precursor salts: facile and sustainable synthesis of controlled shaped copper oxide nanoparticles. Optik, 127(11), 4726-4730. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.01.118.
Singh, B. P., Chaudhary, M., Kumar, A., Singh, A. K., Gautam, Y. K., Rani, S., & Walia, R. (2020). Effect of Co and Mn doping on the morphological, optical and magnetic properties of CuO nanostructures. Solid State Sciences, 106, 106296. DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.106296.
Singh, D., Sharma, A., Verma, S. K., Pandey, H., & Pandey, M. (2024). Impact of nanoparticles on plant physiology, nutrition, and toxicity: A short review. Next Nanotechnology, 6, 100081. DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100081.
Singh, J., Kumar, V., Kim, K.-H., & Rawat, M. (2019). Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using plant extract and its prodigious potential for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. Environmental Research, 177, 108569. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108569.
Singh, K., Khanna, V., Singh, S., Bansal, S. A., Chaudhary, V., & Khosla, A. (2023). Paradigm of state-of-the-art CNT reinforced copper metal matrix composites: processing, characterizations, and applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 24, 8572-8605. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.05.083.
Slikkerveer, L. J. (2006). The challenge of non-experimental validation of MAC plants: towards a multivariate model of transcultural utilization of medicinal, aromatic and cosmetic plants. Frontis, 1-28. DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-5449-1_1.
Sohaebuddin, S. K., Thevenot, P. T., Baker, D., Eaton, J. W., & Tang, L. (2010). Nanomaterial cytotoxicity is composition, size, and cell type dependent. Particle and fibre toxicology, 7(1), 22. DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-22.
Soltani, E., & Soltani, A. (2015). Meta-analysis of seed priming effects on seed germination, seedling emergence and crop yield: Iranian studies. International Journal of Plant Production, 9(3), 413-432.
Sonawane, H., Shelke, D., Chambhare, M., Dixit, N., Math, S., Sen, S., Borah, S. N., Islam, N. F., Joshi, S. J., & Yousaf, B. (2022). Fungi-derived agriculturally important nanoparticles and their application in crop stress management–Prospects and environmental risks. Environmental Research, 212, 113543. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113543.
Song, X., Sun, S., Zhang, W., & Yin, Z. (2004). A method for the synthesis of spherical copper nanoparticles in the organic phase. Journal of colloid and interface science, 273(2), 463-469. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.01.019.
Stamou, I., & Antizar-Ladislao, B. (2016). A life cycle assessment of the use of compost from contaminated biodegradable municipal solid waste with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Journal of cleaner production, 135, 884-891. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.150.
Surappa, M. K. (2003). Aluminium matrix composites: Challenges and opportunities. Sadhana, 28(1), 319-334. DOI: 10.1007/BF02717141.
Suresh, S., Karthikeyan, S., & Jayamoorthy, K. (2016). FTIR and multivariate analysis to study the effect of bulk and nano copper oxide on peanut plant leaves. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 1(3), 343-350. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.08.004.
Sutulienė, R., Brazaitytė, A., Urbutis, M., Tučkutė, S., & Duchovskis, P. (2024). Nanoparticle Effects on Ice Plant Mineral Accumulation under Different Lighting Conditions and Assessment of Hazard Quotients for Human Health. Plants, 13(5), 681. DOI: 10.3390/plants13050681.
Szőllősi, R., Molnár, Á., Kondak, S., & Kolbert, Z. (2020). Dual effect of nanomaterials on germination and seedling growth: Stimulation vs. phytotoxicity. Plants, 9(12), 1745. DOI: 10.3390/plants9121745.
Tariq, A., Zeng, F., Graciano, C., Ullah, A., Sadia, S., Ahmed, Z., Murtaza, G., Ismoilov, K., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Regulation of metabolites by nutrients in plants. Plant ionomics: sensing, signaling, and regulation, 1-18. DOI: 10.1002/9781119803041.ch1.
Thiruvengadam, M., Chi, H. Y., & Kim, S.-H. (2024). Impact of nanopollution on plant growth, photosynthesis, toxicity, and metabolism in the agricultural sector: An updated review. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 207, 108370. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108370.
Thiruvengadam, M., Chung, I.-M., Gomathi, T., Ansari, M. A., Gopiesh Khanna, V., Babu, V., & Rajakumar, G. (2019). Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological potential of green synthesized copper nanoparticles. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 42(11), 1769-1777. DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02173-y.
Torsvik, V., & Øvreås, L. (2002). Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genes to ecosystems. Current opinion in microbiology, 5(3), 240-245. DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00324-7.
Tripathi, G. D., Javed, Z., & Dashora, K. (2024). Toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles on agriculturally important soil rhizobacteria Bacillus megaterium. Emerging Contaminants, 10(1), 100280. DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100280.
V Singh, A., Patil, R., Anand, A., Milani, P., & Gade, W. (2010). Biological synthesis of copper oxide nano particles using Escherichia coli. Current Nanoscience, 6(4), 365-369. DOI: 10.2174/157341310791659062.
Vaidehi, D., Bhuvaneshwari, V., Bharathi, D., & Sheetal, B. P. (2018). Antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract. Materials Research Express, 5(8), 085403. DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aad426.
Vanathi, P., Rajiv, P., & Sivaraj, R. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of Eichhornia-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles and assessing their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. Bulletin of Materials Science, 39(5), 1165-1170. DOI: 10.1007/s12034-016-1276-x.
Velmurugan, G., Chohan, J. S., Babu, K., Nagaraj, M., & Velumani, A. (2024). Exploring the efficacy of biosynthesized cupric oxide nanoparticles from Jasminum sambac flower extract in wastewater treatment: Experimental investigations and potential applications. Desalination and Water Treatment, 319, 100570. DOI: 10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100570.
Velsankar, K., Parvathy, G., Mohandoss, S., Kumar, R. M., & Sudhahar, S. (2022). Green synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles using Panicum sumatrense grains extract for biological applications. Applied Nanoscience, 12(6), 1993-2021. DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02441-6.
Velsankar, K., Suganya, S., Muthumari, P., Mohandoss, S., & Sudhahar, S. (2021). Ecofriendly green synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of CuO nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of Capsicum frutescens. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(5), 106299. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106299.
Velsankar, K., Vinothini, V., Sudhahar, S., Kumar, M. K., & Mohandoss, S. (2020). Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles via Plectranthus amboinicus leaves extract with its characterization on structural, morphological, and biological properties. Applied Nanoscience, 10(10), 3953-3971. DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01504-w.
Viet, P. V., Nguyen, H. T., Cao, T. M., & Hieu, L. V. (2016). Fusarium antifungal activities of copper nanoparticles synthesized by a chemical reduction method. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2016(1), 1957612. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1957612.
Vignesh, A., Amal, T. C., Sivalingam, R., Selvakumar, S., & Vasanth, K. (2024). Unraveling the impact of nanopollution on plant metabolism and ecosystem dynamics. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 210, 108598. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108598.
Vishveshvar, K., Aravind Krishnan, M., Haribabu, K., & Vishnuprasad, S. (2018). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Ixiro coccinea plant leaves and its characterization. BioNanoScience, 8(2), 554-558. DOI: 10.1007/s12668-018-0508-5.
Wahab, A., Muhammad, M., Munir, A., Abdi, G., Zaman, W., Ayaz, A., Khizar, C., & Reddy, S. P. P. (2023). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in regulating growth, enhancing productivity, and potentially influencing ecosystems under abiotic and biotic stresses. Plants, 12(17), 3102. DOI: 10.3390/plants12173102.
Wang, J., Li, B., Qiu, L., Qiao, X., & Yang, H. (2022). Dendrimer-based drug delivery systems: History, challenges, and latest developments. Journal of biological engineering, 16(1), 18. DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00298-5.
Wang, W., Liu, J., Ren, Y., Zhang, L., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., & He, J. (2020). Phytotoxicity assessment of copper oxide nanoparticles on the germination, early seedling growth, and physiological responses in Oryza sativa L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 104(6), 770-777. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02850-9.
Wang, Z., Xu, L., Zhao, J., Wang, X., White, J. C., & Xing, B. (2016). CuO nanoparticle interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana: toxicity, parent-progeny transfer, and gene expression. Environmental science & technology, 50(11), 6008-6016. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01017.
Watanabe, T., Misawa, S., Hiradate, S., & Osaki, M. (2008). Root mucilage enhances aluminum accumulation in Melastoma malabathricum, an aluminum accumulator. Plant signaling & behavior, 3(8), 603-605. DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.8.6356.
Wei, Z., Chen, L., Thompson, D. M., & Montoya, L. D. (2014). Effect of particle size on in vitro cytotoxicity of titania and alumina nanoparticles. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 9(6), 625-638. DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2012.683534.
Xiong, T., Zhang, T., Dumat, C., Sobanska, S., Dappe, V., Shahid, M., Xian, Y., Li, X., & Li, S. (2019). Airborne foliar transfer of particular metals in Lactuca sativa L.: translocation, phytotoxicity, and bioaccessibility. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(20), 20064-20078. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3084-x
Yadav, R., Kumar, M., & Tomar, R. S. (2024). Cyanobacteria based nanoformulation of biogenic CuO nanoparticles for plant growth promotion of rice under hydroponics conditions. Current Microbiology, 81(5), 118. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03619-7.
Yeboah, S. O., Nasare, L. I., & Abunyewa, A. A. (2022). Effect of landuse on floristic composition and diversity of medicinal plants in the Guinea Savanna zone of Ghana. Heliyon, 8(8). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10203.
Yruela, I. (2005). Copper in plants. Brazilian journal of plant physiology, 17, 145-156. DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202005000100012.
Yusefi-Tanha, E., Fallah, S., Rostamnejadi, A., & Pokhrel, L. R. (2020). Root system architecture, copper uptake and tissue distribution in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in copper oxide nanoparticle (CuONP)-amended soil and implications for human nutrition. Plants, 9(10), 1326. DOI: 10.3390/plants9101326.
Zahra, W., Rai, S. N., Birla, H., Singh, S. S., Rathore, A. S., Dilnashin, H., Keswani, C., & Singh, S. P. (2019). Economic importance of medicinal plants in Asian countries. In Bioeconomy for sustainable development (pp. 359-377). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9431-7_19.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Sun, H., Chen, Q., Yu, X., Zhang, T., Yi, M., & Liu, J.-X. (2018). Copper inhibits hatching of fish embryos via inducing reactive oxygen species and down-regulating Wnt signaling. Aquatic Toxicology, 205, 156-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.015.
Zhao, S., Liu, Q., Qi, Y., & Duo, L. (2010). Responses of root growth and protective enzymes to copper stress in turfgrass. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica, 52(2). DOI: 10.2478/v10182-010-0017-5.
Zhou, H., Yao, L., Jiang, X., Sumayyah, G., Tu, B., Cheng, S., Qin, X., Zhang, J., Zou, Z., & Chen, C. (2021). Pulmonary exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles leads to neurotoxicity via oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurotoxicity Research, 39(4), 1160-1170. DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00358-6.
Zhou, P., Adeel, M., Shakoor, N., Guo, M., Hao, Y., Azeem, I., Li, M., Liu, M., & Rui, Y. (2020). Application of nanoparticles alleviates heavy metals stress and promotes plant growth: An overview. Nanomaterials, 11(1), 26. DOI: 10.3390/nano11010026.
Zietz, B. P., Dieter, H. H., Lakomek, M., Schneider, H., Keßler-Gaedtke, B., & Dunkelberg, H. (2003). Epidemiological investigation on chronic copper toxicity to children exposed via the public drinking water supply. Science of The Total Environment, 302(1-3), 127-144. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00399-6.
Zigau, Z., Aliyu, B., Abubakar, U., Bello, A., Yakasai, M., & Sanusi, H. (2024). Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations on some Selected Herbal Medicinal Preparations Marketed in Kano State, Nigeria. UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research, 9(3), 207-213. DOI: 10.47430/ujmr.2493.025.
Zoolfakar, A. S., Rani, R. A., Morfa, A. J., O'Mullane, A. P., & Kalantar-Zadeh, K. (2014). Nanostructured copper oxide semiconductors: a perspective on materials, synthesis methods and applications. journal of materials chemistry c, 2(27), 5247-5270. DOI: 10.1039/C4TC00345D.
)