Assessing the accuracy of PHABSIM and HEC-RAS models in estimating the environmental flow of the Azad River
Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
- 2 M. Sc., Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Abstract
There are several methods for estimating environmental flow (EF), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This study evaluates the accuracy of two models, PHABSIM and HEC-RAS, in estimating the EF of the Azad River in Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province. The evaluation examines three scenarios: drought, years with average rainfall, and high rainfall. For the PHABSIM model, the data utilized included water depth, water velocity, channel index, and discharge rate at cross-sections, measured at one-meter intervals from the river. In contrast, the HEC-RAS model used data on the appropriate water depth necessary for the survival of the index species. The results of the PHABSIM model for EF in September, under drought conditions and during years with average and high rainfall, showed an increasing trend. The estimated flows were 0.6 m³/s for drought conditions, 1.5 m³/s for average rainfall, and 2 m³/s for high rainfall. Similarly, the HEC-RAS model exhibited an increasing trend in the same month, with estimates of 0.2 m³/s for drought, 0.52 m³/s for average rainfall, and 1.03 m³/s for high rainfall. When comparing the results of the two models, it was noted that under conditions of greater water depth, where water flows into the river's side surfaces, the HEC-RAS model predicts a higher EF than the PHABSIM model.
Keywords
Subjects
Amini, A., & Hesami, A. (2017). The role of land use change on the sustainability of groundwater resources in the eastern plains of Kurdistan, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189, 297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6014-3.
Bejarano, M. D., Sord-Ward, A., Gabriel-Martin, I., & Garrote, L. (2019). Tradeoff between economic and environmental costs and benefits of hydropower production at run-of-river-diversion schemes under different environmental flows scenarios. Journal of Hydrology, 572, 790-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.048
Booker, D. J., & Dunbar, M. J. (2004). Application of physical habitat simulation (PHABSIM) modelling to modified urban river channels. River Research and Applications, 20(2), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.742
Bovee, K. D. (1982). Instream flow methodology. US Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS, 82, 26
Conder, A. L., & Annear, T. C. (1987). Test of Weighted Usable Area Estimates Derived from a PHABSIM Model for Instream Flow Studies on Trout Streams. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7<339:TOWUAE>2.0.CO;2
Davis, M. M. (2005). Instream flow guidelines and protection of Georgia’s aquatic habitats. Georgia Institute of Technology, 5 pp.
Dongkyun, I. m., Choi, S-K., & Choi, B. (2017). Physical habita simulation for a fish community using the ANFIS method. Ecological Informatics 43, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2017.09.001
Espinoza, T., Burke, C. L., Carpenter-Bundhoo, L., Marshal, S. M., McDougall, A. J., Roberts, D. T., Campbell, H. A., & Kennard, M. J. (2021). Quantifying movement of multiple threatened species to inform adaptive management of environmental flows, Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 113067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113067
Gharibreza, M., Nasrollahi, A., Afshar, A., Amini, A., & Eisaei, H. (2018). Evolutionary trend of the Gorgan Bay (southeastern Caspian Sea) during and post the last Caspian Sea level rise. Catena, 166, 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.04.016
Gomrokchi, A. U., Akbari, M., & Yunesi, M. (2019). Estimation of Biological Water Rights of Traditional Orchards in Qazvin Using Remote Sensing Capabilities. Journal of Environmental Studies, 45(2), 237-252. Doi:10.22059/jes.2019.275208.1007816 .(In Persian)
Habibi Alagoz, S. (2016). Environmental flow of Rivers. Somer publication. Pp 120. (In Persian)
Jowett, I. G., Hayes, J. W., & Duncan, M. J. (2008). A Guide to Instream Habitat Survey Methods and Analysis. NIWA Science and Technology Series No.54.
Jowett, I. G., & Davey, A. J. H. (2007). A Comparison of Composite Habitat Suitability Indices and Generalized Additive Models of Invertebrate Abundance and Fish Presence–Habitat Availability. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136(2), 428-444. https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-104.1.
Knack, I. M., Huang, F., & Shen, H. T. (2020). Modeling fish habitat condition in ice affected rivers. Cold Regions Sciences Technology, 176, 103086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103086
Kumar, A. U., & Jayakumar, K. V. (2021). Modelling of environmental flow requirements using hydraulic and habitation models. Ecological Indicators, 121, 107046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107046
Leon, A. S., & Goodell, C. (2016). Controlling HEC-RAS using MATLAB. Environmental Modelling & Software, 84, 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.026
Mlynski, D., Operacz, A., & Walega, A. (2020). Sensitivity of methods for calculating environmental flows based on hydrological characteristics of watercourses regarding te hydropower potential of rivers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 250, 119527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119527
Mustafa, A., & Szydlowski, M. 2021. Application of different building representation techniques in HEC-RAS 2-D for urban flood modeling using the Toce River experimental. PeerJ, 9, 11667. Doi: 10.7717/peerj.11667
Naderi, M. H., Zakerinia, M., & Salarijazi, M. (2018). Application of the PHABSIM model in explaining the ecological regime of the river in order to estimate the environmental flow and compare with hydrological methods (Case study: Gharasoo river). Journal of ECOHYDROLOGY, 5, 941-955. Doi: 10.22059/ije.2018.253183.834 (In Persian)
Naiman, R. J., Bunn, S. E., Nilsson, C., Petts, G. E., Pinay, G., & Thompson, L. C. (2002). Legitimizing fluvial ecosystems as users of water: an overview. Environmental Management, 30, 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2734-3
Ongdas, N., Akiyanova, F., Karakulov, Y., Muratbayeva, A., & Zinabdin, N. 2020. Application of HEC-RAS (2D) for flood hazard maps generation for Yesil (Ishim) river in Kazakhstan. Water, 12, 2672. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102672
Perez-Blanco, C. D., Gil-Garcia, L., & Saiz-Santiago. (2021). An actionable hydroeconomic descision support system for the assessment of water reallocations in irrigated agriculture. Astudy of minimum environmental flows in the Douro River Basin, Spain. Journal of Environmental. Management, 298, 113432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113432
Pinos, J., & Timbe, L. (2019). Performance assessment of two-dimensional hydraulic models for generation of flood inundation maps in mountain river basins. Water Science and Engineering, 12(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2019.03.001
Platts, W. S., Megahan, W. F., & Minshall, G. W. (1983). Methods for evaluating stream, riparian, and biotic conditions. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, GTR-INT-138, Ogden, UT.
Senent-Aparicio, J., George C., & Srinivasan, R. (2021). Introducing a new post-processing tool for the SWAT+model to evaluate environmental flows. Environmental Modelling & Software, 136, 104944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104944
Shahrokhnia, M. A., Javan, M., & Keshavarzi, A. R. (2008). Application of HEC-RAS and MIKE-11 models for flow simulation in irrigation canals. Food Engineering Research, 9(1), 49-62. Doi:20.1001.1.26454531.1387.9.1.4.9. (In Persian)
Shrestha, A., Bhattacharjee, L., Baral, S., Thakur, B., Joshi, N., Kalra, A., & Gupta, R. (2020). Understanding suitability of MIKE 21 and HEC-RAS for 2D floodplain medeling. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, 237-254. Doi:10.1061/9780784482971.024
USGS. 2012. Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) Software for Windows. Retrieved October 2021. Available online at: https://www.usgs.gov/node/279289
Wen, X., Lv, Y., Liu, Z. H., Ding, Z., Lei, X., Tan, Q., & Sun, Y. (2021). Operation chart optimization of multi-hydropower system incorporating the long and short-term fish habitat requirements. Journal of Cleaner Production, 281. 125292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125292.
Weng, X., Jiang, C., Yuan, M., Zhang, M., Zeng, T., & Jin, C. (2021). An ecologically dispatch strategy using environmental flows for a cascade multi-sluice system: A case study of the Yongjiang River Basin, China. Ecological Indicator, 121, 107053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107053
Yi, Y., Cheng, X., Yang, Z., Wieprecht, S., Zhang, S., & Wu, Y. (2017). Evaluating the ecological influence of hydraulic projects. Areview of aquatic habitat suitability models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 748-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.138
Zheng, Y., Tian, Y., Du, E., Han, F., Wu, Y., Zheng, C., & Li, X. (2020). Addressing the water conflict between agriculture and ecosystems under environmental flow regulation: An integrated modeling study. Environmental Modelling & Software, 134, 104874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104874
)