Adsorption of red hair dye from aqueous solution using Fe3O4@NH2-SBA-16 NCs: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran.
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Dashtestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dashtestan, Iran.
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of Fe3O4@NH2-SBA-16 nanocomposites (NCs) for adsorbing red hair dye from aqueous solutions. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using BET, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TGA, confirming its structural integrity and functional groups. The adsorption behavior of Fe3O4@NH2-SBA-16 NCs was tested by changing several parameters such as pH, dye concentration, adsorbent amount, thermodynamics, and contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity for red hair dye on Fe3O4@NH2-SBA-16 NCs was 16.1 mg/g at 25 °C. Kinetic studies indicated that dye removal follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, were calculated as -3.66 kJ/mol, -16.08 kJ/mol, and -40.92 J/mol·K, respectively. Results showed the adsorption process to be exothermic and spontaneous based on these thermodynamic parameters. In real water samples, removal efficiency reached 96.8%, although it decreased to 90.5% with increasing salt concentration. The magnetic nano-adsorbent also demonstrated excellent reusability over three cycles. Overall, the findings suggest that Fe3O4@NH2-SBA-16 NCs are a promising, eco-friendly adsorbent for removing red hair dye from aqueous solutions.
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