Photodegradation of methylene blue using silver-doped titanium dioxide nanorods
Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- 1 Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon,
- 2 Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
Abstract
In this study, to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanorods in the degradation of complex organic pollutants such as textile dyes, the fabrication of the silver-doped TiO2 nanorods in the sol-gel method has been accomplished. To provide optimal conditions for the optical degradation of methylene blue dye, nanostructural and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanorods have also been investigated. The crystalline phases, lattice strain, and specific surface area of nanoparticles were investigated by the XRD. The morphology of the nanoparticles was analyzed using AFM plus SEM. The FTIR determined the existing chemical bonds. The effect of calcination on the optical properties and the rate of photodegradation of nanorods was studied. The optical bandgap of the nanorods was estimated by the DRS method and verified by the Tauc method. The obtained results showed that nanorods without calcination revealed the smallest crystal size, the highest effective area, the lowest optical band gap, the highest optical degradation rate, and the highest dye removal efficiency. The results indicated that the nanorods were reliable candidates for the degradation of organic pollutants, especially textile dyes.
Keywords
Subjects
Water Pollution
Abu-Melha, S. (2024). Distinguishable photocatalytic activity of nano polyaniline with quantum dots metal oxide as photocatalysts for photodegradation of Dianix blue dye and different industrial pollutants. Polyhedron, 252, 116781. DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116781.
Aghazadeh M., &Aghazadeh F. (2018). Green chemistry method with XRD analyzes and absorption of TiO2 nanoparticles modified with use of choline chloride. Int. J. Bio-Inorg. Hybr. Nanomater. 7(2),97-108.
Alam MK., Hossain MS., Bahadur NM., & Ahmed S. (2024). A comparative study in estimating of crystallite sizes of synthesized and natural hydroxyapatites using Scherrer Method, Williamson-Hall model, Size-Strain Plot and Halder-Wagner Method. J. Mole. Struct., 15(1306),137820, DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.137820
Ansari, S. A., Khan, M. M., Ansari, M. O., & Cho, M. H. (2016). Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) for visible light photocatalysis. New J. Chem., 40(4), 3000-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NJ03478G
Balarabe, B. Y., & Maity, P. (2024). A polymer-Au/TiO2 nano-composite based floating catalyst for photocatalytic dye degradation under natural sunlight. J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem., 449, 115405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115405.
El Mesoudy, A., Machon, D., Ruediger, A., Jaouad, A., Alibart, F., Ecoffey, S., & Drouin, D. (2023). Band gap narrowing induced by oxygen vacancies in reactively sputtered TiO2 thin films. Thin Solid Films, 769, 139737. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2023.139737.
Galata, E., Georgakopoulou, E. A., Kassalia, M. E., Papadopoulou-Fermeli, N., & Pavlatou, E. A. (2019). Development of smart composites based on doped-TiO2 nanoparticles with visible light anticancer properties. Mater., 12(16), 2589. DOI: 10.3390/ma12162589.
Hamza, M. A., El-Sayed, A., El-Shazly, A. N., & Elmahgary, M. G. (2024). Efficient utilization of ceramic waste (cyclone dust waste) for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanoparticles toward Rhodamine B photodegradation. J. Clean. Product., 434, 140341. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140341.
Hao, X., Cheng, Z., Zhang, Y., Xie, J., Zheng, H., Yue, C., & Sheng, W. (2024). Wettability Study of an Acidified Nano-TiO2 Superhydrophobic Surface. ACS Omega, 9(4), 4447-4454. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07011.
Jin, X., Chen, J., Chen, F., Duan, H., Wang, Z., & Li, J. (2022). Solid-state synthesis of ZnO/ZnS photocatalyst with efficient organic pollutant degradation performance. Catalyst., 12(9), 981. DOI: 10.3390/catal12090981.
Kameya Y. & Yabe H. (2019). Optical and superhydrophilic characteristics of TiO2 coating with subwavelength surface structure consisting of spherical nanoparticle aggregates. Coat. 26(9), 547. DOI: 10.3390/coatings9090547.
Karimi, M., & Grayeli, A. (2024). Synthesis and characterization of nonmetal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B Dye. Prog. Color, Colorant. Coat., 17(3), 263-273. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3348414/v1.
Khalaji, A. D. (2024). Photodegradation of Bisphenol A using α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesized by sonochemical assisted. Nanochem. Res. 9, 162-71. DOI: 10.22036/ ncr.2024.02.008.
Khan, M. I., Hussain, S., Saleem, M., Alzahrani, F. M., Siddique, M., Hassan, M. S., & Iqbal, M. (2024). Enhancing perovskite solar cells: Tailoring the properties of Ti-doped MAPbBr3 for reduced recombination and improved efficiency. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 674, 415575. DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2023.415575.
Kibria, M. G., Mohtasim, M. S., Paul, U. K., Das, B. K., & Saidur, R. (2024). Impact of hybrid nano PCM (paraffin wax with Al2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles) on photovoltaic thermal system: Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analysis. J. Clean. Product., 436, 140577. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140577
La Porta, F. A., Andres, J., Li, M. S., Sambrano, J. R., Varela, J. A., & Longo, E. (2014). Zinc blende versus wurtzite ZnS nanoparticles: control of the phase and optical properties by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16(37), 20127-20137. DOI: 10.1039/C4CP02611J.
Manikandan, B., & John, R. (2020). Properties of sol-gel synthesized multiphase TiO2 (AB)-ZnO (ZW) semiconductor nanostructure: an effective catalyst for methylene blue dye degradation. Iran. J. Catal., 10(1), 1-16.
Modi, S., Yadav, V. K, Ali, D, Choudhary, N., Alarifi, S., Sahoo, D. K., Patel, A., & Fulekar, M. H. (2023). Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by using nano-ZnO/kaolin-clay-based nanocomposite. Water, 15(22), 3915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15223915
Poorarjmand, S., Kargar Razi, M., Mahjoob, A. R., & Khosravi, M. (2018). Photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red dye by using nano ZnO and Ni-Co-ZnO nanocomposites. J. Nanoanal., 5(2), 99-105. DOI: 10.22034/jna.2018.541866.
Riazian, M. (2017). Electrical properties and enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanorods doped with SiO2. South Africa. J. Chem., 70, 189-199. DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2017/v70a26.
Riazian, M. (2020). The increase of the photodegradation and the improvement of the electrical properties of titanate nanorods doped by aluminum oxide and calcination temperature, Nanomegh., 7(2), 10-18. [In Persian].
Riazian, M., Ashjari, M and Zolfaghari A., (2020). Photocatalytic degradation, study of optical and nanostructural properties of TiO2 nanoparticles with silver and sulfur dopant in the anatase crystallite phase, Nano mater. 13, 46, 71-85. [In Persian].
Sajjadizadeh, H. S., Goharshadi, E. K., & Karimi-Nazarabad, M. (2024). Highly efficient photoanode in visible light water splitting through development of Z-scheme structure between compositing TiO2 with GQDs and Ba doped VO2 (m) with smart selection of Ag nanoparticles sites. Fuel, 355, 129544. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129544.
Samadi, S, Khalili, E, Allahgholi Ghasri, M. R. (2019). Degradation of methyl red under visible light using N, F-TiO2/SiO2/rGO nanocomposite. J. Electron. Mater., 48, 12, 7836-7845. DOI: 10.1007/s11664-019-07585-w
Theivasanthi, T., & Alagar, M. (2013). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles XRD analyses: an insight. arXiv preprint. 1307,1091. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1307.1091
Yousefzadeh Y, Izadkhah V, Sobhanardakani S, Lorestani B, Alavinia S. (2024). UiO-66-NH2/guanidine-functionalized chitosan: A new bio-based reusable bifunctional adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous media. Int. J. Biol. Macromol.. 1,254, 127391. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127391.
Zhang, D., Dai F., Zhang P., An Z., Zhao Y., Chen L. (2019). The photodegradation of methylene blue in water with PVDF/GO/ZnO composite membrane. Mater. Sci. Eng.: C. 1(96), 684-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.049.
Zolfaghari, A., Riazian, M., & Ashjari, M. (2021). Preparation and photodeposition of Fe–S/TiO2@PEG nanoparticles for methylene blue and Evans blue. Res. Chem. Intermed., 47, 1809-1828. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04396-9.
Zolfaghari, A., Riazian, M., & Ashjari, M. (2021). Photodegradation of methylene blue and evans blue by iron and sulphur doped TiO2 nanophotocatalyst under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. J. Mexic. Chem. Soc., 65(3), 357-375. DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v65i3.1516.
)