Investigation of PCBs Contamination in Barnacles and Sedimentation of Anzali and Caspian Ports
Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- 1 PhD Scholar, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- 2 Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- 3 Assist. Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
The Caspian Sea is important in terms of environment and monitoring of biological pollutants due to its long coastlines and commercial activities of the industrial port of agriculture and tourism. Identifying marine environmental pollutants is the first step to rebuilding and protecting this valuable ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and Barnacles of Anzali and Caspian ports in Guilan province, Iran. Therefore, Barnacle and sediment samples were collected in 2 stations whit 3 replications in Anzali and Caspian ports by VanVeen Grab sampler in summer according to the life cycle of Barnacles. After preparation and drying with freeze dryer, after analysis, it was read by gas chromatography. The highest concentration of PCBs in Barnacles in Anzali station was related to isomers PCB-81 & PCB-77 and the lowest was related to isomers PCB-114 and PCB-156. The highest concentration of PCBs in Barnacles in Caspian station was related to isomers PCB-28 and PCB-77 and the lowest was related to isomers PCB-114 & PCB-153. The highest PCB concentration in sediment in Anzali and Caspian ports was recorded similarly for isomers PCB-52 & PCB-28 and the lowest was related to isomers PCB-114 and PCB-156.
Keywords
Subjects
environment
Besseling, E., Wegner, A., Foekema, E. M., Van Den Heuvel-Greve, M. J., & Koelmans, A. A. (2013). Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.). Environ. Sci. Technol., 47(1), 593-600. DOI: 10.1021/es302763x
Coelhan, M., Strohmeier, J., & Barlas, H. (2006). Organochlorine levels in edible fish from the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Environ. Int., 32(6), 775-780. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.015
Čulin, J., & Bielić, T. (2015). Ship-source pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants. Pomorstvo, 29(1), 90-94.
Cullen, J. A., Marshall, C. D. & Hala, D. (2019). Integration of multi-tissue PAH and PCB burdens with biomarker activity in three coastal shark species from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Sci. Total Environ., 10(1), 1158-1172. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.128
Davodi, M., Esmailisari, A., Bahramifar, N., & Zamani ahmadmahmoudi, R. (2010). Investigation of concentration and pattern of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distribution in five edible fish species from Shadegan wetland. Veterin. Res. Bio. Product., 23(3), 52-59. DOI: 20.1001.1.24235407.1389.23.3.7.6
Fatima, S. U., Khan, M. A., Alamgir, A., Mahmood, N., & Sulman, N. (2022). Multivariate and spatial methods-based water quality assessment of Chu Tran Valley, Gilgit Baltistan. Applied Water Science, 12 (6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01661-z
Fromme, H., Fuchs, V., Albrecht, M., Aschenbrenner, B., Röhl, C., Janitzki, N., Herber-Jonat, S., Wöckner, M., Vökel, W., Flemmer, A. W., & Schober, W. (2022). Polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polybrominated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in German breast milk samples (LUPE 8). Sci. Total Environ., 825, 154066. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154066
Hassan, H., & Al-Maslamani, I. (2015). Environmental contamination in mangrove crustaceans inhabiting Qatari waters. In Qatar University Life Science Symposium-QULSS 2015 Global Changes: The Arabian Gulf Ecosystem (Vol. 2015, No. 5, p. 26). Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press).
Hitchcock, D. J., Andersen, T., Varpe, G., Loonen, M. J., Warner, N. A., Herzke, D., & Borgå, K. (2019). Potential effect of migration strategy on pollutant occurrence in eggs of Arctic breeding barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). Environ. Sci. Technol., 53(9), 5427-5435. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00014
Javadan Kherad, E., Esmaeili Sari, A., & Bahramifar, N. (2012). Monitoring of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in three edible fish species of Anzali wetland. Veterin. Res. Bio. Product., 25(2), 49-59.
Kim, E., Nam, S. H., Ahn, C. H., Lee, S., Koo, J. W., & Hwang, T. M. (2022). Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for distribution map an unmanned surface vehicle data for chlorophyll-a monitoring in the stream. Environ.Technol. Innov., 28, 102637. DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102637
Kaw, H. Y., & Kannan, N. (2016). A review on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in South Asia with a focus on Malaysia. Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 242, 153-181. DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_14
Lao, Q., Liu, G., Zhou, X., Chen, F., & Zhang, S. (2021). Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) found in surface sediment from coastal areas of Beibu Gulf: A reflection on shipping activities and coastal industries. Marine Pollut. Bull., 167, 112318. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112318
Lawson, M. C., Cullen, J. A., Nunnally, C. C., Rowe, G. T., & Hala, D. N. (2021). PAH and PCB body-burdens in epibenthic deep-sea invertebrates from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Pollut. Bull., 162, 111825. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111825
Otchere, F. A. (2005). Organochlorines (PCBs and pesticides) in the bivalves Anadara (Senilis) senilis, Crassostrea tulipa and Perna perna from the lagoons of Ghana. Sci. Total Environ., 348(1-3), 102-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.069
Pouch, A., Zaborska, A., Mazurkiewicz, M., Winogradow, A., & Pazdro, K. (2021). PCBs, HCB and PAHs in the seawater of Arctic fjords–Distribution, sources and risk assessment. Marine Pollut. Bull., 164, 111980. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111980
Šrédlová, K., & Cajthaml, T. (2022). Recent advances in PCB removal from historically contaminated environmental matrices. Chemosphere, 287, 132096. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132096
Tornero, V., & Hanke, G. (2016). Chemical contaminants entering the marine environment from sea-based sources: A review with a focus on European seas. Marine Pollut. Bull., 112(1-2), 17-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.091
Vaezzadeh, V., Thomes, M. W., Kunisue, T., Tue, N. M., Zhang, G., Zakaria, M. P., & Bong, C. W. (2021). Examination of barnacles’ potential to be used as bioindicators of persistent organic pollutants in coastal ecosystem: A Malaysia case study. Chemosphere, 263, 128272. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128272
Vazquez, N. D., Chierichetti, M. A., Acuña, F. H., & Miglioranza, K. S. (2022). Occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii, sediments and seawater from the southwestern Atlantic. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 29, 39649–39664. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18877-w
)